The Business Plan

For many eager entrepreneurs, the business plan is a dreaded burden. Many see it as an obstacle to starting their business, yet others simply don’t see a reason to take the time to create such a document. Unfortunately, many entrepreneurs simply skip the process of writing a business plan to jump right into their business. While some businesses may survive with this renegade spirit, many more start struggling to survive. The business plan may seem complex to newcomers, however it is an exercise to assist the entrepreneur prepare and plan for the business. Essentially, it is a road map with the route mapped out for the business. It is an opportunity to see if the business is worth the time and investment before the business opens.

While time to do the necessary research, writing and financial planning are essential, the effort is well spent seeing if the idea is feasible. The business plan is intended to help start the process of researching, planning and preparing for operations. However, businesses are ever changing, and entrepreneurs need to incorporate ongoing research and planning into their business in an effort to adapt to changing markets.

The business plan acts as the first sales and marketing piece produced for a business, because the document is needed to communicate to potential investors. This one document allows investors to learn about the business, the market the business wishes to enter, how much capital is needed to start the business and what goals the business intends to reach. The business plan allows an investor to understand the risks involved with the business and what steps are being taken to minimize those risks. Most importantly, investors are looking for indicators for a good return on their investment (ROI) as well as how long it may take for the business to deliver that ROI.

While the business owner should give careful consideration to the whole business plan, the two critical sections others will review first are the executive summary and the pro formas (financial statements). The executive summary should be the last piece written in the business plan. This section summarizes the whole business plan into a few paragraphs. The executive summary should express what the business is, what the product or service is, describe the company vision, summarize the financials and capital needs as well as summarize the goals and management team.

In addition to the executive summary, the pro forma statements are vital to creating a sound business plan. This section allows readers to quickly find how much capital the company is seeking as well as learn about how long it will take the company to earn profits.

The pro forma section includes several documents that should paint a picture of what is needed to keep the company alive. To start, new business owners often need to prepare personal financial statements to include in this section, depending on the type of business, how much capital he/she is seeking and the requirements of the capital source. (Note: Entrepreneurs who are unable to show a sound personal financial background may need to take steps to clean up their finances first before seeking business capital.)

Next, all business plans should engage in research to get a realistic grasp of what sort of startup expenses the business will have. Talking to other business owners in similar industries, researching product expenses and other research should yield realistic figures to use in your projections. With startup expenses in hand, the business plan will need to include a 12-month profit and loss projection (or estimate). This needs to include how much in sales this new company needs to make. After the 12-month projection is complete, the business owner will need to create a profit and loss projection for a 4-5 year period.

After the profit and loss statements, an estimated cash flow statement is the next step. This will allow the business owner to plan for how much money will be needed before the doors open as well as see how much cash is needed to keep the doors open. In conjunction to the cash flow statement is the balance sheet. A balance sheet shows what items of value are owned by the company and how much the company owes in debts. The balance sheet is a key document to show the health of the company at any given moment, and it gives investors a quick glimpse into the “bottom line.”

Some entrepreneurs may include a break-even analysis in their business plans. This tool allows business owners to predict sales volume at their chosen price to recover the total costs in running the business. This calculation allows business owners see how much sales they need in order to run the business with a profit.

The marketing component to the business plan is a key aspect for the business owner to understand. Knowing who the customer is, what the spending habits of the customer are, who are the direct and indirect competitors for those customer dollars and where to find the customers are critical components to help the business plan its entry into the market. The marketing plan is far more comprehensive than simply creating an advertising plan. This section is where your research data will help you make even the smallest decision about your business. Your decisions need to be entirely about your customers, since they are the reason why you have a business.

Business planning can seem overwhelming to the new entrepreneur. However, the time and effort spent on researching and carefully planning a business will allow the business owner to start on a solid foundation. We all know what happened to the three little pigs, starting a business requires the same time and attention. Additional resources to help you with your business plan include the Small Business Development Center (http://asbdc.ualr.edu/), SCORE (www.score.org) or the IEC (www.iecfs.org).